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人教版英语八年级上册知识点

2024-10-16 次浏览

人教版英语八年级上册常识点

Unit1 Where did you goon vacation?

【重点语法】

人教版英语八年级上册知识点
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不定代词:不指名取代任何特命名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。

用法注意

1.some 和any+可数名/弗成数名。

some 多用于确定句,any多用于否认句、疑问句和前提从句 。有些问句顶用some,不消any, 问话者愿望获得对方确定答复。

2. 由some, any, no,every 与 body, one, thing组成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用三单。

3. 不定代词如有定语修饰,该定语要置于厥后:如:something interesting

【重点短语】


1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为或人买某物

2. taste + adj. 尝起来……

3. nothing...but + V.(本相)除了……之外什么都没有

4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来

5. arrive in + 年夜处所 / arrive at + 小处所 达到某地

6. decide to do sth. 决议做某事

7. try doing sth. 测验考试做某事 / try to do sth. 努力做某事

8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

9. want to do sth. 想去做某事

10. start doing sth. 开端做某事=begin doing sth.

11. stop doing sth. 结束做某事 区分:stop to do sth. 停下往来来往做某事

12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

14. so + adj + that + 从句 如斯……以至于……

16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 奉告或人(不要) 做某事

17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事

18. forget to do sth. 忘怀去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘怀做过某事

【词语辨析】

1. take a photo/ take photos 摄影

quite a few+名词复数 “很多…”

2. seem + 形容词 看起来…... You seem happy today.

seem + to do sth. 彷佛/宛如做某事 I seem to have a cold

It seems + 从句 彷佛..…. It seems that no one believe you.

seem like ... 宛如,彷佛….. It seems like a good idea.

3. arrive in +年夜所在= get to= reach+所在名 “达到......”

arrive at +小所在

(注:若后跟所在副词here/there/home, 介词需省略,如:arrive here; get home)

4. feel like sth 感觉像…

feel doing sth. 想要做某事

5. wonder(想知道)+疑问词(who, what, why)领导的从句。

6. because of +名/代/V-ing

because+从句

He can’t take a walk because ofthe rain.

I don’t buy the shirt because itwas too expensive.

7. enough +名词 足够的…...

形容词/副词+enough

Unit2 How often do youexercise?

【重点语法】

1. 频率副词: always,usually, often, sometimes, never

频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一样平常如今时态中。

2.“次数”的表达办法

一次 once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上:基数词+ times, 如:three times, five times,

3. how often“多久一次”问频率,答复常含有频率词组或短语。

常见的how疑问词:

1)How soon 多久(以后)

—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来。

—He will be back in amonth. 他一个月后能回来。

2)how long “多久”

—How long did it take you toclean the house? 你扫除屋子用了多久。

—It took me half an hour to cleanthe house. 我扫除这屋子用了半小时。

3)How many+名复

How much+弗成名

“若干” 问数目(how much 还可问价钱)

【重点短语】

1. go to the movies 去看片子

2. look after = take care of 照料

3. surf the internet 上彀

4. healthy lifestyle 康健的生涯方式

5. go skate boarding 去划板

6. keep healthy=stay healthy 坚持康健

7. eating habits 饮食习气

8. take more exercise 做更多的活动

9. the same as 与什么雷同

10. be different from 分歧

11. once a month一月一次

12. twice a week一周两次

13. make a difference to 对......有影响/作用

14. most of the students=moststudents

15. shop=go shopping=do someshopping 购物

16. be good for 对......有益

17. be bad for 对......有害

18. come home from school下学回家

19. of course = certainly = sure 当然

20. get good grades 取得好成就

21. keep/be in good health 坚持康健

22. take a vacation 去度假

【词语辨析】

1.maybe / may be

maybe 是副词,意为“年夜概, 可能,或许”,一样平常用于句首。May be是情态动词,意为“可能是...,大概是...,年夜概是...”.

The baby iscrying. Maybe she is hungry.

The woman may be ateacher.

2. a few / few / alittle / little

a few (少数的,几个,一些)

a little (一点儿,少量)

表现确定

few (很少的,险些没有的)

little (很少的,险些没有的)

表现否认

修饰可数名词

修饰弗成数名词

People can live to 100, butfew people can live to 150.

There is little timeleft. I won’t catch the first bus.

Could you give me alittle milk?

3. hard / hardly

hard作形容词,意为“艰苦的,困难的,硬的”;作副词,意为“尽力地,猛烈地”。hardly为副词,意为“险些不”。
The ground is too hard to dig.

I can hardly understandthem.

It’s raining hard. The peoplecan hardly go outside.

4. As for homework, most students do homework every day .

as for...意思是“至于;关于”,+名词、代词或动词的-ing情势(即动名词)。

如:As for him,I never want to see him here.

至于他,我永久不愿望在这里见到。

As for the story,you'dbetter not believe it.

关于那故事,你最好不要信任。

5. That soundsinteresting. 

这是“主语+系动词+表语”布局的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(感到),seem(好象),grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:

It tastes good. 这味道好。

The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很中听。

The smoke grew heavier andheavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

6. percent 名词,意为“百分之……”

百分数的表现办法:基数+ percent (不消复数情势),percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要依据厥后面的名词来肯定。

50%:fifty percent 百分之五十

Fifty percent of the apples arebad. 50%的苹果都坏了。

Twenty percent of the meat is inthe fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱

7. not… at all 意为“一点也不”,not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

The story isn’t interesting atall. 谁人故事一点也没有趣。

8. It is +adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的。

It is interesting to playcomputer games. 玩电脑很有趣。

9. take,spend, pay

It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“消费或人……光阴来做某事”。

人(sb.) spend 光阴/钱 on sth. “买某物花了……钱”。
人(sb.) spend 光阴/钱 (in) doing“消费若干光阴来做某事”。

pay 的主语必需是人,而“费钱买某物”为pay...for...

10. however 副词,意为“然而,可是”,表现迁移转变关系,可放在句首、句中、句末。

Unit3 I’m more outgoingthan my sister.

【重点语法】

1. 形容词和副词的比拟品级

(1)形容词和副词的本相便是原级

(2)比拟级,表现较……或更……

(3)第一流, 表现最...。

2. 比拟级句型:

(1)A + be动词+形容词的比拟级+than +B “A比B更……”(注意:A与B必需是同级的,即必需是人与人,物与物进行对照)

(2)“A+实意动词+副词比拟级+ than + B”表现“A比B…”
(3)比拟A ,B两人/两事物问此中哪一个较…...时用句型:

“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比拟级,A or B ?”

Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?

3. 比拟级的特殊用法
(1)“比拟级+and+比拟级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比拟级用“more and more+原级”

(2)“the+比拟级(…), the+比拟级(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better.

(3)主+ is + the 形容词比拟级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”

4. 两者在某一方面雷同:A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.

Helen is as tall asAmy.

Peter studies as hard as Tom.

表现两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”

I am not as tall as my sister.

5. 形容词,副词比拟级前的修饰语。

当必要表现一方跨越另一方的水平时,可以用much, a lot, alittle, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比拟级。注意: 比拟级不克不及用very, so, too, quite等修饰。

【重点短语】

1. more outgoing 更外向/更豁达
2. as...as...与…… 一样

3. the singing competition 歌咏竞赛

4. the most important 最紧张的

5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有禀赋

6. the same as 与……雷同

7. care about 关怀/把稳/存眷

8. be different from 与…...分歧

9. be like a mirror 像一壁镜子

10. as long as 只要;与…...一样长

11. bring out 显示/显出

12. get better grades 取得更好的成就

13. reach for 伸手到达/到达

14. touch one’s heart 感动

15. in fact 事实上

16. make friends 交同伙

17. be good at 在某方面成就好

18. the other 另一个

19. be similar to 与…类似

20. be good with 与…和睦相处

21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心

have fun doing sth 做某事很开心

22. do the same thingsas me. 做和我一样的工作

23. It’s+adj+(forsb.)to do sth. “做某事(对或人来说)是...的 ”

24 make friends with sb. 与或人交同伙

25. as long as 只要;既然,领导前提状语从句

【词语辨析】

1. be good at=do well in ,厥后可接名词、代词或动名词,表现长于......

2. care about 关怀

care for 关爱

take care (当/当心)

take care of (照料)=lookafter

3. make sb. do sth.: 让(使)或人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式)

His father always make me get upbefore five o'clock.

make sb. +形容词:使或人坚持某种状况

My friends always make me happy.

4. be like“就像…”I am like your sister.

look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister.

5. That’s why+句子:那便是…的缘故原由/那便是为什么…

That's why I study English hard. 那便是我尽力进修英语的缘故原由。

6. be differentfrom 与……分歧

反:be the same as 与…… 雷同

7. though

① adv. 不外;可是;然而(句末弥补阐明使语气削弱)

② conj. 固然;只管=although,与but 不克不及同时用在一个句子中

He said he would come. He didn’t,though. 他说他要来,可是并没有来。

Though/Although he has been deadfor many years, many people still remember him.

只管他已经逝世许多年了,但许多人仍旧记得他。

8. get bettergrades 取得更好的成就

9. does(助动词do/did),为了避免反复,可取代上文呈现过的实意动词。

10. be good withsb. 与或人相处得好

Unit4 What’s the bestmovie theater?

【重点语法】

1. 形容词第一流: 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比拟。

标记词:表比拟规模时用in/of

形容词第一流前须加定冠词the,副词第一流前可省略the。

2. 表现“三者(或以上)中最……的”的句型

1)A + be + the 形容词第一流 + 表现规模(in/of介词短语)

2)A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词第一流 + 表现规模的of/in介词短语

3. 常用句式

1) Who/ Which…+ 第一流…, A, B or C ?

2) one of +the +形容词第一流 +名词复数情势, 意为“最…之一”。

3)序数词后跟形容词第一流

【重点短语】

1. so far 到今朝为止,迄今为止

2. no problem 没什么,别虚心

3. have….in common 有雷同特性(设法主意、兴致等方面)雷同

4. be up to 由…...决议/是…...的职责

5. all kinds of … 各类各样的……

6. play a role in doing sth./sth. 施展作用,有影响

7. make up 编造(故事、谎言等)

8. for example=e.g. 例如

9. take …..seriously 认真看待

10. not everybody 并不是每小我

11. close to 离..….近

12. more and more 越来越……

【词语辨析】

1. How do you like+名/代/V-ing=What do you think of :“ 你以为…怎么样。”

2. Thanks for=Thankyou for +名/代/V-ing:“感激…”

3. You’re welcome.=Not at all. 不虚心

4. talent 名(可)禀赋

talent show 才艺演出

talented adj. 有禀赋的

be talented in 在......方面有禀赋

5. be good at 长于… (= do well in)

反义短语:be poor / weak in 在...方面软弱

be good for 对……有益,后跟人或事物;其反义短语是be bad for

be good to 对……好(和善;慈祥),相称于 befriendly to,后面通常接人

6. all kinds of 各类各样的

different kinds of 分歧种类的

a kind of 一种…...

* kind of 有点+adj.: kind of boring / fat /thin

7. win vt. 博得+奖品 winner n. 赢者

8. watch sb. do sth. 旁观或人做了某事

watch doing sth. 旁观或人正在做某事

9. 举例:such as 常列举几个例子,不克不及穷尽,可和and so on(等等)连用;like可和such as交换;for example 一样平常只列举一个,作插入语用逗号离隔,可置于句首/句中/句末。

Unit5 Do you want towatch a game show?

【重点语法】

1. 扣问或人对某物的概念及见地:Whatdo you think of …?=How do you like…?

2. 描写爱好I love/like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand…

3. 温习巩固一样平常如今时态:主语+V+其他;主语(三单)+V(三单)+其他)

【重点短语】

1. find out 查出/发现

2. be ready to do 预备做…

3. dress up 装扮/化妆成

4. take one's place 取代或人

5. do a good job 干的好/演出的精彩

6. think of 想到/思虑

7. game show 游戏节目

8. learn from 向…...进修

9. talk show 访谈节目

10. soap opera 番笕剧

11. go on 继续

12. watch a movie 看片子

13. one of… 此中之一

14. try one’s best to =do one’sbest to 不遗余力

15. a pair of 一双

16. as famous as 一样驰名/出名

17. look like 看起来像

18. around the world 天下各地

19. have a discussion about 讨论…...

20. one day 有一天/某一天

21. such as 例如

22. a symbol of 一个象征/标记

23. something enjoyable 快活的工作

24. interesting information 有趣的信息

【词语辨析】

1. want + n 想要……
want to do sth 想要做某事

want sb to do sth 想让或人做某事……

2. mind 介怀,厥后+名词/代词/V-ing

3. stand

1)“站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立

2) “忍耐”(多用于否认句、疑问句) , 后可+名/代/V-ing

4. plan vt. &vi.方案, 盘算,plan to do sth.

plan 还可作名词,如:make plans 订定方案

5. v. discuss (讨论) + ion→ n. discussion

had a discussion about sth. 对某事进行讨论

6. happen v. 产生; 呈现

sth+ happens to sb.”或“sthhappened + 光阴/所在”句式

7. 情态动词

may 语气弱于can,意为“可能”

might 表推想,语气最弱,意为“可能”

may/might not 表现否认推想时语气最弱,意为“可能不”

They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。

8. expect to dosth. 期盼做某事

hope to do sth: 愿望干某事

许多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语,如:

want, like, hope, wish, learn,start, begin, prefer, try, ask

9. be famousas 作为……而出名

be famous for sth. 由于......而出名

10. one of… 后跟可数名词复数,表现…之一。 厥后的谓语动词用单数。

One of my favorite movies is Mr.Bean. 我最喜欢的片子之一是憨豆老师。

11. show

n. 节目 TV shows/talent shows;

v. 展现 show sth. tosb.= show sb. sth.

Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1.want to be/become + (职业)名词 :“想要成为…..”

I want to be (be) a scientistwhen I grow up.

2.write stories 写故事

tell stories 讲故事

3.keep on doing sth. 继续做某事(表动作的重复)

keeping doing sth. 坚持做某事(表动作或状况的连续)

4. besure about +名/代/V-ing“确定”

Are you sure about that?

make sure (that)+从句“…...确保...…”

Make sure that both doors are closed whenyou go out.

5.learn sth. We must learn English every day.

learn to do sth. I amgoing to learn to play ( play) the piano.

6. discuss v. 讨论;磋商 名词是discussion

discuss with sb. 与或人讨论 :

Discuss this question with yourpartner.

Let’sdiscuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。

All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们如今必要的是行为,不是讨论。

7. beable to do sth. 可以或许做某事

(1)can : can+动词本相,无人称和数的变化。只能用于一样平常如今时和一样平常曩昔时,不克不及用于未来时。

be able to + 动词本相,有人称和数的变化,可用于多种时态。

(2)can 常指客观上可以或许;be able to 更着重于颠末尽力、降服必定艰苦有才能做成某事。

He will be able to(可以或许) speak English next year.(在此不克不及填can)

8.promise n. 许诺;诺言 v. 承诺;许诺;准许

make a promise(to sb) (对或人)许下诺言

keep a promise 遵照诺言

break a promise 违反诺言

promise (sb) to do sth. 承诺或人干某事

promise (sb) +that 从句

He promised to help me. 他承诺过要赞助我。

I promised that I study hard from nowon. 我许诺从如今起尽力进修。

9.have to do with 关于;与……有关系

The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关。

10. takeup sth./doing sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做;开端做

I am going to take up cooking next year. 来岁我将要学烧饭。

11. Sometimesthe resolutions may be too difficult to keep.

too+形容词/副词 to+动词本相,表现“太…...而不克不及...…”如:

The kid is too young to play thisgame. 这个小孩太小,不克不及玩这个游戏。

12.one’sown +名词 “或人本身的器械”, 强调某物为小我所有

my own book 我本身的书本

【重点语法】

一样平常未来时“am/is/are going to +动词本相”布局

1. 根本情势

否认式:am/is/are not going to +动词本相

一样平常疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词本相+其他。

特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一样平常疑问式。

He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他盘算在伦敦度假。

Look at the dark clouds. There is going tobe a storm. 看那乌云,将近下雨了。

Is he going to collect any data forus? 他会帮我们网络数据吗。

What are you going to do tomorrow? 来日诰日你盘算作什么。


2. 根本用法

(1)表现事先颠末斟酌、支配好盘算、方案要做某事。

Dad and I are going to watch an opera thisafternoon.

本日下昼我和爸爸盘算去看歌剧。

(2)表现依据今朝某种迹象断定,某事异常有可能产生,表现推想。

Look! There come the dark clouds. It isgoing to rain.

瞧。乌云密集。天要下雨了。

Unit7 Will people have robots?

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1.many+可数名词 很多......

much+弗成数名词 很多......

2.live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁”

3. bein great danger 处在极年夜的危险中

4.play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 介入某事/做某事

Everyone should play a part in saving theearth.

5.help (sb.) with sth. 赞助(或人)做某事

He often helps me with my English.

help sb. (to) do sth. 赞助(或人)做……

He often helps me study English.

help oneself ( to ) 自用(食品等)

Help yourself to the fish. 请随意吃鱼

6.the same as… 和……一样...... 反义短语:be different from

7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 或人花了……光阴做某事(时态依据详细环境决议)

It takes me an hour to get to my office.

spend time/moneyon sth. 在……上消费光阴(金钱)

sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 消费光阴(金钱)做某事。

I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。

They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年光阴。

8.hundreds of + 名词复数 很多/年夜量......

数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百......

相似的数词还有thousand(千) , million(万)

There are four hundred students in ourgrade.

There are hundreds of tourists in Beijingevery year.

9.during 在…时代

during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend

10.the meaning of …的意思

Can you tell me the meaning of the words?

【重点语法】

一样平常未来时

一、一样平常未来时的寄义

一样平常未来时表现未来某个光阴要产生的动作或状况,或未来常常产生的动作或状况。

二、一样平常未来时的根本布局

1. will/shall+动词本相

will 在陈说句顶用于各类人称;shall用于第一人称,常被will 所取代。

否认式:will not=won't;shall not=shan't

一样平常疑问式:will/shall+主语+动词本相+其他。

特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一样平常疑问式。

Iwill/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。

Oiland water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一路。

—Willhe help you with your English tonight? 本日晚上他会赞助你进修英语吗。

—Yes,he will./No, he won't. 是的,他会。/不,他不会。

—Whenwill you arrive for America? 你什么时刻去美国。

—Tomorrow. 来日诰日。

2.am/is/are going to +动词本相

否认式:am/is/are not going to +动词本相

一样平常疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词本相+其他。

特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一样平常疑问式。

He isgoing to spend his holidays in London. 他盘算在伦敦度假。

Lookat the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,将近下雨了。

Is hegoing to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们网络数据吗。

Whatare you going to do tomorrow? 来日诰日你盘算作什么。

三、一样平常未来时的用法

will+动词本相与am/is/are going to +动词本相的用法固然都表现未来产生动作或环境,一样平常环境下能交换。但它们的用法是有区其余。

1.will主要用于在以下三个方面:

(1)表现主观意愿的未来。

Theywill go to visit the factory tomorrow.

来日诰日他们将去厂参观工场。

I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.

我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一路来。

(2)表现不以人的意志为转移的客观的未来。

Todayis Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.

本日是礼拜六。来日诰日是(将)是礼拜日。

Hewill be thirty years old this time next year.

来岁这个时刻他就(将)三十岁。

(3)表现暂时决议,通常用于对话中。

—Maryhas been ill for a week.

玛丽病了一周了。

—Oh,I didn't know. I will go and see her.

噢,我不知道。我去看看她。

2. begoing to主要用于一下两个方面:

(1)表现事先颠末斟酌、支配好盘算、方案要做某事。

Dadand I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.

本日下昼我和爸爸盘算去看歌剧。

(2)表现依据今朝某种迹象断定,某事异常有可能产生,表现推想。

Look!There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.

瞧。乌云密集。天要下雨了。

Unit8 Howdo you make a banana milk shake?

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1.cut是“切, 割”的意思,曩昔式为cut。

cut up 意为“切碎”

Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.

Cut it /them up.

2.turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)

turn off 关失落,截断(电流、煤气、水等)

turn up 开年夜,调高(音量、热量等)

turn down 调低,关小(音量、热量等)

3.one more thing 另外一件工作

another ten minutes 再多十分钟

数字+ more + 物品 指“另外的……

another + 数字 +物品 指“另外的……

当数字为one时,常与more连用或只用 another。

Give me two more hamburgers。

another two hamburgers

4. forgetto do sth. 忘怀(去)做某事

forgetdoing sth. 忘怀已做过某事。

5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth. 该是(或人)做某事的时期了

It’stime (for sb.)to dosth. =It’s time for sth. 该是(或人)做某事的光阴了。

It’sa time for you to study English.

It’stime for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)

6.give thanks for +名/代V-ing “戴德...…”

We should give thanks for our parents.

He gave thanks for life and food.

7.Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a bigmeal.

by+sth./doing :

1)以…...方式 I study English by listening toEnglish songs.

2)在...…的阁下 I am sitting by the pool.

3)在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.

4)搭乘 I go to school by bus.

8.Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句

Here is a photo of my family.

Here are+名复

Here are some English books.

当宾语是代词时,要用顺装。如:Here you are.(对) Here are you.(错)

9.fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作)

be full of“装满…”(强调状况)

I filled the cup with themilk.

The cup is full of the milk.

10.put…in(into)…把…...放到...… 里

11.cover…with…用…...笼罩

12.cut …into把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.

cutup… 切碎

13.serve v. 服务 n. service

serve +名/代“提供…” The shop serves nice food.

serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.

serve sb. with sth. “用某物接待或人” Serve the guests with some tea.

【重点语法】

名词:名词是表现人、事物、处所、征象及其它抽象观点名称的词。 

一、名词分为专著名词和通俗名词。

专著名词是表现详细的人、事物、所在、或机构等的专著名称。

如:Guangzhou,Mike,UNESCO等。

专著名词一样平常环境下第一个字母要年夜写。

通俗名词是表现一类人、事物或抽象观点的名称。

如:police,eggs,rice等。

二、通俗名词又可分为个别名词、集体名词、物资名词和抽象名词。

个别名词:表现某一类人或某一类器械中的个别。

如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。

集体名词:表现一群人或一类事物的总称。

如:family,police,class,people等。

物资名词:表现无法分为个别或不具备肯定外形和年夜小的什物。

如:Water,air,milk等。

抽象名词:表现抽象观点词。

如:hope,love,spirit。

英语的名词有可数名词和弗成数名词两种。

一样平常来说,个别名词和集体名词多为可数名词,物资名词和抽象名词多为弗成数名词。

三、名词单数变复数的规矩总结

1. 规矩变化

(1)一样平常在名词词尾加"大众-s"大众,
map—maps舆图
bird—birds鸟
orange—oranges 桔子
bike—bikes自行车

(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加公众-es公众
box—boxes盒子

class—classes班级

watch—watches腕表

dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具

(3)以o结尾的无性命的名词后面加公众-s"大众

photo—photos相片

radio—radios收音机

zoo—zoos动物园

以o结尾的有性命的名词后面加"大众-es"大众
tomato—tomatoes西红柿

potato—potatoes土豆
hero—heroes豪杰

negro—negroes黑人

(4)以子音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加"大众-es "大众
baby—babies婴儿

family—families家庭


以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加"大众-s公众
boy—boys男孩

toy—toys 玩具

(5)以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为v加”-es “
knife—knives小刀

wife—wives老婆
leaf—leaves树叶。

2. 不规矩变化

(1)child---children

foot---feet

tooth---teeth
mouse---mice

man---men

woman---women

注意:与 man 和 woman组成的合成词,其复数情势也是 -men 和-women。
如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。

但German不是合成词,故复数情势为Germans。

Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

(2)单复同形的名词

如:deer鹿,sheep绵羊,fish鱼,
Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人
li里,jin斤,yuan元

注意:除人平易近币元、角、特别,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数情势。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

(3)集体名词,以单数情势呈现,但实为复数。
如:people人, police警员,cattle牛等自己便是复数,不克不及说 a people,apolice,a cattle.

但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle

theEnglish,the British,theFrench,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表现公民总称时,作复数用。

如:The Chinese are hard-working and brave.

中国人平易近是勤劳大胆的。

3. 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词

(1)maths数学,politics政治(学),physics物理学等学科名词,为弗成数名词,是单数。

(2)news新闻、消息是弗成数名词。

(3)the United States美国,the United Nations结合国应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 结合国事1945年组建起来的。

(4)以复数情势呈现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也视为单数。
公众The Arabian Nights"大众 is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本异常有趣的故事书。

4. 注意两点

(1)表现由两部门组成的器械,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达详细数量,要借助数目词 pair(对,双); suit(套);a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

(2)还有一些名词,其复数情势有时可表现分外意思,如:goods货品,waters水域,fishes(各类)鱼

四、弗成数名词

弗成数名词意味着这些名词只能是单数,没有复数情势,不克不及与数量字如one, two等连用,也不克不及加不定冠词a(n)。

弗成数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生涯中有时刻又必须给这些词计量,我们于是采纳这种办法:a+表现这些器械的单元+of+弗成数名词,

如:acup of tea,a box of milk,apiece of paper等。

假如为了表现多个的观点,我们就将表现这些器械的单元酿成复数即可。

如:acup of tea---3 cups of tea,a box of milk---12 boxes ofmilk,A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper

【注意】

a. 当物资名词转化为个别名词时为可数。例如:

Cakeis a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食品(弗成数)

Thesecakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)

b. 当物资名词表现该物资的种类时,可数。例如:

Thisfactory produces steel.这个工场临盆钢材。(弗成数)

Weneed various steels.我们必要各类各样的钢材。(可数)

c. 当物资名词表现份数时,可数。例如:
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而驰名。

Twoteas, please. 请来两杯茶。

d. 抽象名词表现详细的事例时也可数。例如:

fourfreedoms 四年夜自由

thefour modernizations 四个当代化

Unit9 Can you come to my party?

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1. one…another… 表现不肯定数量中的另一个

one…theother… 表现两者中的另一个

I don't like this one, canyou show me another?

I have two brothers. One is a lawyer andthe other is a manager.

some…others…表现没有规模限制的“一些…...另一些...…”

some…theothers… 表现某一规模的“一些...…别的的…...”

Some go to school by bike and others go toschool by bus.

Some go to school by bike and the others goto school by bus.

2. invite v. 约请 n. invitation

invite sb. to do sth.“约请或人干某事”

invite sb. to+所在名词

1) Mr. Green invited me to visit hisfactory last week.

2) Thanks a lot for your invitation

3) Thanks for inviting me to yourparty.

3.(1)What’s the date today? 意为“本日是几月几号。” It’s +月+日。

(2)What day isit today? 意为“本日是礼拜几。”It’s + 礼拜几。

—What’s thedate? —It’s September 10th.

—What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday.

4.have a lesson(class) 上课

have an English lesson

5.prepare v. 预备 n. preparation

prepare sth. “预备某物”,所预备的器械便是后面的宾语。

prepare for sth. “为……做预备”,指为后面的宾语做预备

prepare to do sth. “预备做某事”

6. bring...to…“带来”把某物从其余处所带到措辞人的处所

take…to…“带去”把某物从措辞的处所带到别处去。(两者偏向相反)

Bring your homework here, and take the bookaway.

把你的功课拿过来,把这本书带走。

7.without(介词)没有 反义词:with“具有”

We can’tlive without water.

Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.

8. sothat +从句: 以便于;目标是

I study hard so that I can get good grades.

9.surprise n. 惊异

surprised adj. 觉得惊异的(指人)

surprising adj. 令人惊异的(指物)

be surprised at sth.“惊异于某事”

to one’ssurprise “令或人惊异的是”

① I’m surprisedat the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的新闻觉得很受惊。

② To my surprise, he left withoutleaving a word. 令我惊异的是,他一言不发地分开了。

10.look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing

I look forward to your reply. 我等待你的回答。

I look forward to seeing you again.

11.hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到或人的来信。

I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got aletter from my friend yesterday.

12.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式

Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.

13.how to do that. “该怎么做”,疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语

I don’tknow how to make a banana milk shake.

I don’tknow what to do.

14.at the end of “在…末端”

Now, it is at the end of 2014.

反义短语:at the beginning of “ 在…开端”

15.be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很愉快/惆怅做某事

I am glad to see you.

16.reply to sb./sth.“回复…”

Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信情势回复这份约请函”

【重点语法】

一. 表现约请的句型

1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?

2. Would you like to..( Would youlike to my party)?

接受:Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.

回绝::① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈说理由 )

② I’d love/liketo, but I … (理由)

3.I’mafraid not. I…(理由)

二. must与have to

1. must 表现主观“必需”;must 表现“主观上的要求”,无人称和时态的变化,否认答复: needn’t 或 don't have to (不必)。mustn’t 表现“制止”.

2. have to表客观必要,有人称和时态变化,否: don’t / doesn’t /didn’t have to (没需要)

—Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8点之前我必需回家吗。

—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No,you don't have to.

Unit10 Ifyou go to the party,

you’llhave a great time!

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1. have agreat time 意为“玩得高兴”,=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good /wonderful / nice time

have a great / good time in(doing) sth. 做某事很开心

2. ask sb.(not)to do sth. 要求或人(不)做某事

The teachers ask us to do (do)lots of homework.

3. order sth. from+所在“从某地订购食品”

I want to order some books fromthe book store.

4. keep…to oneself 守旧机密

5. unless conj. 除非;假如不

unless 领导的前提句表现在特定前提下,才决议做或不做一件事。=if...not

The concert will be held asschedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule ifthere is not a typhoon.

6. be afraidto do sth. 畏惧干某事

I’m afraid to speak in front ofother people.

be afraid of sth. 畏惧某事

He told me not to be afraid ofdifficulties.

be afraid +that从句

I’m afraid that I can’t finish ontime

7. be angry withsb.

We were angry with him forkeeping us waiting.

be angry at/about sth.

He is angry at/about your answer.

I was very angry at what he said.

8. in the end 末了;终于= at last/ finally

at the end of 在...末尾;到...止境

He married the nice girl in theend/at last/finally.

The school is at the end of thestreet.

9. careless adj. 粗心的;反义词:careful, 意为“当心的”。

The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心。

He is more careful than me. 他比我认真。

10. advise v.“奉劝;建议”n. advice, 是弗成数名词.

Give me some advice!

advise doing sth. 建议做某事。

advise sb.(not)to do sth. 建议或人(不)做某事

I advise waiting till the righttime. 我建议比及恰当的时刻。

I advise him not to sleep lateevery day. 我建议他不要天天睡懒觉。

11. It’s best (not)to do sth. 最好(不)做某事

It’s best to speak English everyday.

12. run away from“ 从…逃离” “逃避”

13. cut …in half “切成两半”

【重点语法】

if前提句

if前提句:前提句用于陈说语气,表现假设的环境可能产生,此中 if 是“假如”的意思,领导前提状语从句,if从句用一样平常如今时,主句则用一样平常未来时。

(主将从现)

组成

if从句

主句(主将从现)

时态

一样平常如今时:

主+be(is/am/are)+其它(名/形)。

主+V原+其它。

主(三单)+V(三单)+其它。

1.一样平常未来时:

主语+shall/will+V原

2.主句是祈使句

3.主句含有情态动词Can, may , must等词

4.主句含有want, hope , wish 等表希望的词

例句

If I am an teacher,

If you come back,

If he comes,

If you can come,

If I have much money

I will be busy.

call me please.

he will take us to the zoo.

please let me know.

I may take a trip.

注意:在与if前提句连用的主句中我们一样平常用will 表现未来时,而不消be going to 表现未来时。

PS:在when(当…时刻), after, before 等领导的光阴状语从句中,假如主句为一样平常未来时,从句要用一样平常如今时表现未来(主将从现)。

如:I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿年夜就给你打德律风。

某事名词表现
重庆冉家坝多动症干预训练什么是安静型多动症儿童 初二英语人教版八年级上册Unit8课文+单词+朗读+知识梳理+词汇讲解+句型解析
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